Labor Contract Law of the People\u27s Republic of China - Unofficial English Translation

The Dong Bao Hua Legal Center at East China University of Politics and Law and Ashley Russell (M.R.P. Cornell University), with review and advice from Pan Shih-wei of Chinese Culture University in Taiwan, have produced an English translation of China\u27s recently passed Labor Contract Law. Our thanks to Dr. Michael H. Belzer, Wayne State University, for providing us with this copy

Intraperitoneal ropivacaine and early postoperative pain and postsurgical outcomes after laparoscoipc herniorrhaphy in toddlers: a randomized clinical trial

Background Postoperative pain can cause physiological distress, postoperative complications, and extended lengths of hospitalized stay. In children, management of postoperative pain is still recognized as being inadequate. Objective The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal ropivacaine on postoperative pain, and recovery of bowel function and emetic events after laparoscopic herniorrhaphy in toddlers. Methods Seventy-six children aged from 9 months to 3 years were recruited between August 2013 and June 2014 at Tongji Hospital and randomly assigned into two groups. One group received intraperitoneal ropivacaine right before surgery and the control group received intraperitoneal saline. A standard combined general anesthesia procedure was performed under regular monitoring. Postoperative pain was assessed by the FLACC scale. Postoperative analgesic consumption, time to flatus, time to first stool, and postoperative emetic events were also recorded. Results When compared with the control group, children who received intraperitoneal ropivacaine experienced less pain 0–4 h after surgery [P < 0.001, difference in median FLACC (95% CI) for 2 h time point is 2.00 (0.87–3.13), for 4 h time point is 1.00 (0.55–1.45)]. In addition, the number of toddlers who received analgesia 0–24 h after surgery in the ropivacaine group was lower than that in the control group [P < 0.001, difference in proportions (95% CI) is 0.575 (0.3865–0.7638)]. Compared with the control group, time to flatus in ropivacaine group was also much shorter [21.1 h vs 16.7 h, P = 0.04, difference in mean (95% CI) is 4.4 (1.49–7.28)], and the time to first stool after surgery was earlier in the ropivacaine group [30.7 h vs 25.6 h, P = 0.003, difference in mean (95% CI) is 5.1 (1.78–8.45)]. Furthermore, the incidence of emetic events in the ropivacaine group was significantly lower than the control group [32.4% vs 11.1%, P = 0.03, difference in proportions (95% CI) is 0.212 (0.0246–0.4002)]. Conclusion The present results indicate that intraperitoneal ropivacaine reduces early postoperative pain and improves recovery after laparoscopic herniorrhaphy in toddlers. Therefore, IPLA is a good stratagem for postoperative pain management after laparoscopic surgery in toddlers

Diversity, abundance and trap efficacy for class insecta at the lowland forest of Gunung Datuk, Negeri Sembilan / NurFatin Solehah Mohd Bustaman

A study on the abundance and diversity of nocturnal and diurnal insects was conducted at the lowland area of Gunung Datuk, Negeri Sembilan. This study also evaluates the effectiveness of different sampling traps Samples were collected from November 2014 to March 2015 using four different types of traps namely malaise, yellow-pan, pitfall and light traps A total number of 25 insects’ orders were recorded with the total individual of 4483. The most common order of insects found in this study was Hymenoptera (1479 individuals), Diptera (1279 individuals), Lepidoptera (210 individuals) and Coleoptera (159 individuals). The highest individual collected for malaise traps were Diptera (1028 individuals). Meanwhile, Hymenoptera recorded the highest individual for yellow-pan traps and pitfall traps with 307 and 963 individuals respectively. Light traps recorded Diptera as the highest individuals with 390. A total of21% of nocturnal insects and 79% of diurnal insects have been collected in this study. There is no significant interaction (P>0.05) on total individual collected and trap used in ‘his study. The highest diversity index is from light trap (H’=l.87) followed by yellow-pan trap (H‘= 1.86), malaise trap (H‘=1.29) and pitfall trap (H’=0.61). The H’ values are significant only for yellow-pan (P< 005) but not for other traps. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between all traps, Yellow-pan trap was found to be the most efficient for this study compared to the other traps

Interesting species of the genus Helicopsyche von Siebold (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae) from Vietnam

Three new species of the genus Helicopsyche von Siebold (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae), H. botosaneanui, H. verrucaspinosa, and H. inusitata, from Vietnam are described, and 1 new country record, H. pathoumthongi Johanson and Malm, is reported. The male of H. boniata Malicky and Chantaramongkol is redescribed to facilitate comparisons with two of the new species

Competitive Pressure on China: Factor Rewards Migration

Our objective is to assess personal income under perfect competition, when factors are rewarded according to their productivities, and to contrast the ensuing distribution with the status quo.Competition will yield winners and losers, both in terms of factor claims and in terms of regions or provinces. Income differences will press people to migrate.To analyze this, we divide China into 30 input-output sectors and 27 provinces; we maximize domestic final demand, while preserving its proportions in each province, subject to material balances and factor constraints.The shadow prices to the constraints represent competitive commodity prices and factor rewards.Unskilled labor would stand to lose and, therefore, inequality would mount.The pressure on interprovincial migration would be enormous with 10 to 20% of the people on the road.The flipside is the great potential for improvement of the average standard of living.competition;income distribution;migration